1. Closure:
Separate objects grouped together are seen as a whole. This image appears to be a triangle but really it is just an empty space.
2. Continuity:
Points that are connected by straight or curving lines are seen in a way that follows the smoothest path.
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3. Similarity:
Similar auditory and visual stimuli tend to be grouped together. These dots are all together but seem separate due to their color.
4. Proximity:
Objects near each other tend to be grouped together. An example is in this picture below a group of circles, the ones on the left may appear to be grouped in horizontal rows while the ones on the right tend to be grouped in a vertical column.
5. Figure-Ground Perception:
Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest forms possible.
B. Binocular Cue:
are based on the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions from both eyes. Ex. Hold a finger a foot from your face and view it with both eyes then with your left and then only with your right.
C. Monocular Cues:
-relative size: if two objects are the same size we perceive a smaller image as farther away. Ex: a car mirror
-relative clarity: we perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp,clear objects. Ex: near sighted people.
D. Motion Perception: process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based on visual, and vestibular inputs. Ex: watching lights flash.
E. Perceptual Constancies
1. Size Constancy- A type of visual subjective constancy. People's perception of a particular object's size will not change, regardless of changes in distance from the object. Ex. Viewing New York's skyline from a distance, the buildings are actually very tall.
2. Brightness Constancy- Our ability to view objects as continuing to have the same brightness even if light may change their sensory properties. Ex. A sheet of white paper in the daylight sun reflects a different amount of light than the same white paper in moonlight, but we perceive the paper as having the same whiteness in both cases.
3. Shape Constancy- When our perception of the shape of an object doesn't change regardless of changes to the object's orientation. Ex. When looking directly at a framed picture, we understand that it's the shape of a rectangle. If we walk somewhere and view the same picture from an angle, we still understand it is in the shape of a rectangle,but from that angle, it is actually a trapezoid.
Image Citations:
http://www.mirrors4cars.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/car-mirror-replacement-900-400.jpg
http://www.usbr.gov/lc/images/hoover/police/PoliceLights2.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ee/Seattle_Skyline_from_Rizal_Park.jpg
http://fc09.deviantart.net/fs29/i/2008/150/b/c/bright_field_dark_field_by_NJacobs.jpg
http://fc03.deviantart.net/fs50/i/2009/300/6/2/Friends_in_a_frame_by_IbrahimAmr.jpg
http://mysiteauditor.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/law-of-proximity-web-design.png
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_XPOI2G7MqHlpEo4V9g_GoYaJU3231uf4aBOsShLwSnpN5YaLVjmepDrVplXeWT2sdiTKkh8q1QylVcb0hNeRiJsryJ1iUvlsJVRS64QQKLlRJwm1JStryyJdnZcKOsqVXFV2p5hSSeE/s1600/Screen+shot+2011-05-28+at+6.19.05+AM.png
http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~bfleming/psych101/image46.gif
http://artblot.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/continuity.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gestalt_similarity.svg/2000px-Gestalt_similarity.svg.png
http://blog.templatemonster.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/closure.gif
